传粉媒介蜜蜂

Everything you ever wanted to know about Pollination, but were afraid to ask

所有产生水果的蔬菜作物需要授粉以生产食物。与绿叶蔬菜,豆类,根和块茎相反,含水果的植物需要花粉才能产生可​​食用的作物。

如果您的蔬菜没有产生果实,或者花没有健康的成熟水果,则可能是由于授粉不良。授粉不良的一些典型原因是晚期霜冻,长时间的降雨,不合理的寒冷,缺乏湿度或无法获得授粉昆虫。

温室中的授粉

在温室里生长时,c的能力ompletely control your growing environment is always your greatest asset. When it comes to pollination and growing food crops, there are elements of that environment that need special consideration.

干燥的气氛会导致授粉不良,畸形的水果,浆果和蔬菜。确保您的室内环境足够潮湿,以鼓励健康的授粉和增长。对于较大的温室,薄雾灌溉系统可能是一个很好的解决方案。

Insects can be scarce in a greenhouse environment. It is easy to forget that insects do the important job of pollination, and if you are rid of them completely, your plants can suffer. One solution is to leave your greenhouse door open on days with favorable weather. Pollinator-friendly companion planting can be done around the perimeter of your greenhouse to encourage the insects you want to visit.

另一个解决方案是手工授粉。可以轻轻摇动以松开花粉并鼓励施肥的自我授粉植物(在同一朵花中都有男性和女性部分)。授粉的一种更可靠的方法是使用软油漆刷刷每朵花的内部,将花粉从雄蕊移动到污名。

对于产生雄花和雌花的植物,挑选一朵雄花,将有三到五个雄蕊和花粉花药。剥去花瓣,将雄蕊擦在雌花的污名上。雌花在花瓣的底部有卵巢或果实,雄花缺乏。

For some plants, you’ll want to avoid pollination. Vegetables that are produced for their greens, bulbs, or roots, should not flower and seed. Once plants have flowered, they produce fewer leaves and concentrate their energy on seed production. This can make the leaves taste tough and bitter, or reduce the size of the edible root or bulb.

授粉的伴侣种植

为了鼓励传粉媒介昆虫参观您的花园,请在附近种植食物作物。或在您的温室区域外。一些鼓励各种有用的昆虫的花朵是Comfrey,Geranium,Lupine,Cosmos,Barese,Buddleia,Buddleia,Lavender和向日葵。

罗勒(Basil),如果要开花,可以吸引几种类型的蜜蜂,并改善西红柿和生菜的味道。在整个花园中种植的莳萝,牛至,鼠尾草和百里香也可以使许多蔬菜的风味变亮。

格子登山者和悬挂的草莓受益于蜂鸟。您可以用诸如Zinnias之类的大型花朵吸引它们。

Calendula grows well with summer squash, and cosmos companion with cucumbers. These attract not only bees but also garden flies. Their larvae are predatory to aphids, leafhoppers, and other garden pests. Stone fruits, grapes, fennel, carrots, and beets are beneficial fly favorites. Plant alyssum, buckwheat, chamomile, and parsley to increase their numbers.

蝴蝶喜欢Zinnias,批处理按钮,锥花,雏菊,万寿菊和野花混合物,但会参观他们可以栖息的任何鲜艳的花朵。它们是被动授粉媒介,在寻找花蜜时转移花粉。

夜间开放的花朵会吸引传粉媒介飞蛾。尝试傍晚的报春花,月亮花,四点钟和葫芦。

蝙蝠是极好的花园同伴!

蝙蝠还享受夜间盛开的花朵。蝙蝠被动地授粉,还将吃包括蚊子在内的小害虫。如果您在花园区域中添加蝙蝠屋,您可能会在蝙蝠居住后立即注意到蚊子。单身每小时最多可以吃1200蚊子,通常每晚在6000至8000种昆虫上用餐!

对于自我授粉的植物,排斥破坏的昆虫比吸引传粉媒介更为重要。万寿菊是最有效的驱虫剂之一,可以与所有花园蔬菜结合使用。天竺葵,薰衣草和薄荷也驱除了破坏性的昆虫。

Ensuring Gardening Success

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